Enteroviruses in patients experiencing multiple episodes of hand, foot, and mouth disease in the same season in Kobe, Japan, 2011.

Epidemiology of Recurrent Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease, China, 2008–2015

Using China's national surveillance data on hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) for 2008-2015, we described the epidemiologic and virologic features of recurrent HFMD. A total of 398,010 patients had HFMD recurrence; 1,767 patients had 1,814 cases of recurrent laboratory-confirmed HFMD: 99 reinfections of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) with EV-A71, 45 of coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) with CV-A16, 364 o...

Circulating Coxsackievirus A16 Identified as Recombinant Type A Human Enterovirus, China

To determine the relationship of coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) to prototype CA16-G10, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of circulating CA16 strains in China. Complex recombinant forms of CA16-related viruses involving multiple human enteroviruses, subgroup A (CA4, CA16, and enterovirus 71), are prevalent among patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease.

Enterovirus detection status of patients with herpangina and hand, foot and mouth disease in epidemic season 2007, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

Prevalence and Characterization of Enterovirus Infections among Pediatric Patients with Hand Foot Mouth Disease, Herpangina and Influenza Like Illness in Thailand, 2012

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina are common infectious diseases caused by several genotypes of human enterovirus species A and frequently occurring in young children. This study was aimed at analyzing enteroviruses from patients with these diseases in Thailand in 2012. Detection and genotype determination of enteroviruses were accomplished by reverse transcription-polymerase ...

Optimal Control of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Model using Variational Iteration Method

In this paper, the optimal control of transmission dynamics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), formulated by a compartmental deterministic SEIPR (Susceptible-Incubation (Exposed)- Infected - Post infection virus shedding - Recovered) model with vaccination and treatment as control parameters is considered. The objective function is based on the combination of minimizing the number of infec...